What is a common complication of long bone fractures?

Fat embolism syndrome is a known complication that can occur following long bone fractures. When a long bone is fractured, particularly in cases involving the femur or pelvis, fat globules from the bone marrow may enter the bloodstream. This condition typically manifests within 1 to 3 days after the injury and can lead to a range of symptoms, including respiratory distress, neurological symptoms, and petechial rash.

The occurrence of fat embolism syndrome is particularly significant in trauma settings, as it can rapidly progress and become life-threatening. Early recognition and supportive treatment are crucial in managing this condition, which is why understanding this complication is vital for effective trauma care.

While deep vein thrombosis, sepsis, and osteomyelitis are also potential complications associated with fractures or immobilization, fat embolism syndrome is specifically linked to the disruption of long bones and the release of fat into the vascular system. This connection makes it the correct choice in relation to long bone fractures.